Editor's note: The following article is from the Commercial Advertiser, November 15, 1822. Thank you to Contributing Scholar George A. Thompson for finding, cataloging and transcribing this article. The language, spelling and grammar of the article reflects the time period when it was written.

FOR THE COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER.  The Catskill Mountains.
               
On the 18th of September, 1822, a large party of ladies and gentlemen visited the Pine Orchard, situated on one of the lofty summits of the Catskill mountains, and about twelve miles from the village of Catskill.
               
The road from Catskill to the base of the mountain, is tolerably good; and although it is over some considerable hills, the traveller feels little inconvenience, until he arrives at Lawrence's Tavern, near the foot of one of the cluster of mountains, and about seven miles from Catskill.
               
At this house, a large portion of the party halted, and partook of refreshments, and some proceeded up the mountain.  Immediately on leaving Lawrence's, the ascent becomes considerable, and often times difficult, passing over many rugged cliffs which continued almost without interruption, until we arrived at the Pine Orchard, which is distant about five miles.  As we approached the Pine Orchard, the views from the various openings of the woods near the road, become extremely interesting; occasionally, we ascended a very steep hill, and then winding on a course round some inaccessible cliff of rocks, again descended into a wild and lonely glen. At about 5 o'clock in the afternoon, we arrived at the Pine Orchard, so named from a small flat of land, on the summit of one of the mountains, on which grow a number of yellow pine trees.
               
The scene that here was presented to the eye, was uncommonly grand and sublime.  This point of the mountain is an elevation of 2800 feet, and the summit on which we stood is composed principally of granite rock, of an immense perpendicular height.

The sun was shedding his last declining rays over the world beneath us, and already the faint mists of the evening, partially obscured the far distant mountains that seemed to stretch their blue tops to the horizon. From the hasty contemplation of this delightful landscape, the company was early summoned to a cold collation, and soon afterwards to the Ball Room.  The building for the accommodation of the company, corresponded with the situation in which it was erected.  It was a temporary frame house, one story high, built with rough boards, consisting of two rooms for the ladies, a kitchen and supper-room adjoining.  Connected with this building, was another, built in a similar manner -- about sixty feet long and designed for a ball room.  The dining room presented a most singular and beautiful appearance; . . . the wild mountain had afforded every decoration; and the boughs of fir, the hemlock, and the spruce, were tastefully arranged along its walls.

 ***  The company, consisting of about seventy ladies and gentlemen from different parts of the state of New-York, assembled in the ball room; and at an early hour cotillions and country dances commenced, and were continued during the remainder of the night, except for the necessary intermission in partaking of an excellent supper, prepared in a very handsome style, by Mr. Bigelow.  All seemed to enjoy the festivities of the dance -- the music was well selected, and the party in fine spirits.  Indeed it was a most gratifying scene to behold so splendid a collection of youth and beauty . . . on the wild mountain's top, surrounded by the tall ever-green trees, and where, but as yesterday, the wild beasts of the forest roamed undisturbed!
               
At a seasonable hour the company separated and retired to rest; but at the dawn of day the music beat the reveille, and, according to a previous arrangement, the party again collected on the summit of the mountain's brow, to witness sun-rise.  Female beauty, renovated by refreshing sleep, appeared in all its loveliness, and the fresh morning air of the mountain, added lustre to many a fair cheek.  The grey mists of the morning, still rested on the immeasurable valleys below, and the distant mountains were but dimly seen.  ***  As the day-light increased, the vapours of the night gradually began to move, until the sun, proudly rising in his glory, shot his long and genial rays over the boundless landscape before us.  Who could survey such a scene, and not feel his soul regenerated from every selfish feeling!  The winds seemed pillowed in the valley, and as the sun majestically rose and dispelled the morning dews, the view became more and more extensive, until the eye had a boundless range over mountains, and forests, and fields, and towns!  Here and there lay the cultivated farm, and the blue smoke, gradually curling among the green trees of the valley, pointed to view the farm-house, and showed the early preparation of its rural tenant for breakfast.  Yonder rolled the Hudson, whitened by many a sail on its azure bosom. -- At a further distance, in the perspective were seen numerous cities and towns; and the roving eye, still wandering, fixes on objects that "distance scarcely bounds."  *
               
The traveller is richly compensated for his toil and trouble in climbing the Catskill mountain, if he can be there on a cloudless summer morning, at sun-rise.
               
The company, after partaking of an excellent breakfast, prepared by Mrs. Bigelow, descended the mountain, and again met and sociably dined together at Lawrence's.  Then they departed to their respective homes, and will long cherish in memory, the happy moments experienced in a visit to the Pine Orchard.  OCTAVIAN.
               
*  This summit of the mountain has a view extending at least one hundred miles.

​Experiences While on Early Morning Drive From Saugerties-New York Boats.
(By The Freeman's Mysterious Mr. Fox.)
           
Like girls freshly primped, charming in their spring suits and out for the first holiday of the season, so the popular steamers of the Saugerties & New York Steamboat Company, go into commission this season spotless and faultless, gay and gorgeous.  These belles of the river, as handsome in their way as dainty feminines in theirs, are sticklers for style.  And Roxbury of New York, the recognized artist in that line has given these gay sisters new attire this year, prettier than ever.
           
"We take pride in refitting our steamers and keeping them in perfect condition though it swallows much of the dividends." said Capt. Robert A. Snyder.  "This winter we spent $5,000 overhauling and decorating." Mr. Snyder and James T. Maxwell, founders and sole owners of the Saugerties & New York line of boats, put the river business for Dutchess and Ulster counties on a secure footing when It was gasping for life, 28 years ago; giving reliable transportation service for passengers and commodities, absorbing a steamboat line that was falling to pieces and two freight barge lines.  Both are men of large responsibilities.  Extensive property owner and together owners of several large Saugerties enterprises.  They put on new and palatial passenger steamers with large freight capacity, giving express service to fruit and merchandise, and cheap, adequate river service for getting berries and apples into market.  There is no way for these boats to sidetrack and delay merchandise.  Receiving it at their New York pier, No. 43 Christopher street, at 6:30 p. m., they deliver it to the consignees at their stopping points along the river before 7 the next morning.
           
The steamer "Ulster" opened this season's trips, leaving Saugerties Tuesday night cheered by crowds gathered to see her off.  The next morning the five cars of freight received dally from Saugerties during the close of navigation, in the West Shore yards in this city failed to arrive.  They had gone with the "Ulster." On calling at her dock before she sailed I found Daniel N. Finger, general agent, picking up the ends of the first business to be forwarded by the line to New York this year.  He has been with the company from its beginning, and knows how to get things started without fuss or labored effort.  He inherited the genius for it from his father, Henry L. Finger who was one of the company until the present owners bought it all up.
           
​Walking on to the boat we found Capt. George Post directing preparations for departure.  The "Ulster" glittered and shone from scrubbing, painting and decorating.  Like her sister steamer "Ida" now in Hiltebrant's ship yard at South Rondout, she had been made new in every part that was in any way worn.  The stateroom hall showed panels gleaming brightly in buff, green and pink with gold penciling, in pleasing harmony with white ceiling, red figured Brussels and dark blue plush upholstery.  This boat was fully overhauled and in perfect condition; and the men were all happy to get back on their jobs. 

The "Ida", still In her winter quarters, I subsequently visited.  I found Capt. Charles B. Tiffany enthusiastic over her trim and dress.  The boat never looked better or was in better form than now, he said.  Not differing greatly in general from her sister, the "Ida" this season dresses more summery in old ivory with slender gold trimmings, her fluted pillars lightly touched with gold lines; her ceiling immaculately white, and carpets, radiators and general equipments comparatively new.  Each of the two boats carries about 200 passengers in berths.  Their salon decks are girdled with glass giving abundant daylight into the halls that at night are brightly illumined with electric lights.  Their staterooms are roomy and well lighted, with toilet conveniences and freshened up by painters.  Steam heat warms the boats when required.  Each carries an orchestra and piano.  Course meals are served in the dining rooms forward, giving views of both sides of the river, at the popular price.  The "Ida" makes her first trip Decoration Day.  Passengers taking these boats year after year have absolute confidence in their management.  The officers of both boats have been in the service of that company several years, Capt. Tiffany nearly 25 years.  They are steady and reliable.  During the whole period of this company's service it hasn't injured or lost a passenger.  The owners do not allow liquors to be served in the boats.  They keep no employee who indulges in it.  The boats leave New York at 6:30 p. m. and Saugerties at 6 p. m. daily, except Saturday in July and August when the "Ida" leaves at 1 p. m. Excursionists for over Sunday trips and business men rejoining their families in the Catskill resorts make up the passenger lists of this boat on these weekly afternoon trips up to now.
           
​These boats laying up for the day at Saugerties give advantages to night travel for the Catskill mountain resorts not provided on other lines.  Occupants of berths need not be aroused before their accustomed hours for rising.  Those who enjoy the cool, pure break of day air, an invariable cure for the grouch and sullen temperaments, find themselves at their boat journey end in time for any hour of rising.  The Saugerties route to the Catskills is the most direct of all others.  The nearest to the mountains on landing from these boats.  Refreshed with the usual conveniences for their morning toilet, a good breakfast and pure mountain spring water served on these boats the early riser has an experience that makes a new man of him.  He takes a short drive to the mountains through the village with its rugged scenery and foaming Esopus where the first sight of the mountains is obtained.  He spins over the hard paved [illegible word] road that turns into the Catskills at Saugerties, the usual route of auto parties.  The highest summits topped with the big hotels loom up In mighty grandeur, lighted in magnified glory by the morning sun at his back showing wonderous topography — slopes riven with gorges, breasts of rocks, foliage and slides; each turn in the road drawing him nearer with fresh surprises in the unfolding of the range, showing odd shapes in the sky line, strange peaks rising unexpectedly to view in gaps and dropping out of sight as unexpectedly as he goes up and down with the easy rise and fall of the road; the valley falling from sight as in pieces as it is shut out of view on rounding each shoulder of the mountains.  That scenery on the road from Saugerties is the most glorious of all Catskill scenery.  Nowhere else is it rivalled.  It's so different from anything you can get on landing from the river boats at any other point, and it's all lost when travelling by train.  More than all, the pure mountain air at sunrise in a ride like that is alone worth the time and money of a trip to the Catskills. ​

HOW TOURISTS BEST ENJOY THE CATSKILLS.
At no other river point do conveniences for driving through this magnificent Catskill scenery give greater satisfaction, better sightseeing and a greater chance to get around to the most attractive places with the least distances to travel behind classy teams and autos than by going in from Saugerties.  The Van Buskirk stables for twenty-five years have assisted thousands of sightseers to reach the Catskills.  Their chauffeurs and drivers know all the country and the best roads to travel.  Tourists send word ahead mentioning the class of rig wanted, the number to be carried and the destination and are met at the boat with what they ordered ready to start without delay.  Many on more sightseeing trips each year hire teams or autos for the tour of the mountains, taking in the most picturesque sections.  With high class autos and a modern garage having convenience and supplies for auto touring parties going through with their own machines, with three large stables of fifty-five horses for driving and saddle and every class of vehicles in popular use for pleasure driving with those accustomed to Catskill travel, the Van Buskirk stables give as good outfits as any of the best New York stables.

CHRIST HUBERTS' ONLY RIVER FRONT HOTEL
 On leaving the boat at Saugerties, the "Scenic village of the Hudson," you'll observe the large stone hotel opposite, pretty with abundance of surrounding foliage and a little park of flowers.  It's Christ Huberts's South Side Hotel. You'll be interested In that remarkable elm standing guard over this house, the largest elm in the county, five trees springing up as one and casting shade over a circle of house and lawn measuring 100 feet in diameter. Christ Huberts is now entering his fourteenth season catering to summer pleasure seekers. He is popular with the German singing societies of New York who make up parties on the Saturday afternoon trips of the "Ida" during July and August, leaving pier 43 at 1 p. m. They take possession of the house and have a jolly time of It until the return boat several hours later. New York yachtsmen, bound for the lakes and returning, put in here for its good harbor and he gets their patronage. It's Bohemian, yet the rooms and dining parlors are large and attractively furnished. Christ Huberts is a genial, enterprising landlord, a good fellow to stop with.

CARTING AT SAUGERTIES BY LARGE CONCERN.
All express, freight and baggage to and from the Saugerties & New York boats and the West Shore railroad are handled by one of the largest trucking and carting enterprises along the river.  Owners of baggage coming to Saugerties by boat or car may be assured that it will be delivered safely and promptly by Doyle's baggage wagons.  During the many years William Doyle has engaged in the business not a piece has been lost or delayed while in his hands.  Shipments of supplies and furnishings for summer homes may be consigned to the care of William Doyle, Saugerties, who will take them from car or boat and deliver them promptly to their destination uninjured.  With forty horses, all sized trucks, tackle and other equipments for light or heavy work in which he employs experienced workmen Doyle can move anything that's moveable.  All freight, baggage express, machinery, boilers, engines, safes, pianos, furniture moved in Saugerties go through his hands.  Supplies for the big mills and their products are carted by his teams.  He has full charge of the enormous cartage of the Martin Cantine Co., paper mill business.  Mr. Doyle began a poor boy, afterwards trucking with one rig.  His success is marvelous.  His business amounts to many thousands of dollars annually.  It proves that all Mr. Doyle undertakes he accomplishes and to the satisfaction of his patrons.

NEW YORK PAPERS AT UP TO DATE STATIONERS.
The New York daily and Sunday papers reach Saugerties early in the day and you'll not need to go without your favorite paper when you come up there on a trip.  They are served by N. Van Steenberg, the stationer in the new store next to the Exchange Hotel.  You can get your stationery there with selections from the most delicate styles you are accustomed to get in New York.  If you want calling cards or printed stationery he'll do the printing.  Magazines and reading matter, souvenir cards, cigars, playing cards, useful articles, such as are sold by up to date stationers are to be obtained at Van Steenberg's and if there is anything in his line not commonly in stock he'll get it for you.

The newfound leisure of the working class came on the heels of harsh working conditions of Irish transit workers in New York City, who worked primarily in subway, bus and railroad industries. At this time in American history, there were no laws that dictated the quality of working conditions or for how long people worked or whether or not they were allowed to take time off, so work hours depended upon the generosity of one’s boss, who was usually not very generous. It was common for a transit worker to have 12 hours-long, grueling shifts, every single day with no vacation time. In fact, transit workers were regularly fired for taking off on a Sunday to go to church. ​

External Links:
​To watch the full “Irish Catskills” documentary: WMHT Specials | The Irish Catskills: Dancing at the Crossroads | PBS

• To learn more about the hotel and resort history of the Catskills: Borscht Belt Museum ; The Borscht Belt Was a Haven for Generations of Jewish Americans | Travel| Smithsonian Magazine
  
• To find Irish cultural events in the tri-state area: Irish Cultural Events & Sport | East Durham, NY (mjqirishcentre.com) ; Irish Echo Tri-State events
  
•  To watch a full performance of “Stack of Barley”: Stack of Barley/Little Stack of Wheat | Will Woodson & Caitlin Finley, Irish Flute and Fiddle - YouTube
  
• To find more info on historically Irish inns and hotels in the Catskills, take a gander at these: Northern Catskill Mountain Resort (blackthorneresort.com) ; The Shamrock House | East Durham Hotel Resort | Catskill Accommodation
  

The Ashokan Reservoir was built between 1907 and 1915 to supply water to New York City. The flooding of twelve communities and thousands of acres of farmland sparked long-lasting controversy. The last of the land claims were settled in 1940. Two thousand residents were moved, some of the communities were relocated, others were flooded.  The dam was constructed with Rosendale cement. Today trails along the Reservoir provide pleasant walking and biking opportunities.

In 1905 the New York State Legislature enacted legislation to create the New York City Board of Water Supply.  The Board had the authority to acquire land and build dams and reservoirs in the Catskill Mountain watershed. At the time it was built, the Ashokan was one of the largest reservoirs in the world. Water from the Esopus Creek and tributaries feed the Ashokan.

Catskill Mountains retreats, including the Cockburn House in the Mount Pleasant area of Shandakan, offered welcome relief from the heat of the metropolitan areas.  Visitors traveled to the Catskills via Hudson River steamers and railroad to enjoy refreshing summer vacations. 

The Ulster & Delaware Railroad extended from Kingston Point to Oneonta, NY traversing the Catskill Mountains through Ulster, Delaware, Schoharie and Otsego counties. Steamboat travelers landing at Kingston Point on the Hudson River transferred to U&D Railroad cars to continue their journey. There were many Catskill resorts during the areas prime in the 1800s to mid-1900s. The Catskill Mountain House, opened in 1824  and rival Kaaterskill Hotel, opened in 1881, were two of the largest resorts.